When the cutting is complete, the forwarder uses the grapple and boom to grab the logs and place them in the bunk.  Once the bunk is full, the logs are driven out to a landing place where they can be laid out to be measured and graded by log buyers.  The landing is also where the trucks will load the purchased logs.  The forwarder does have to drive up to every tree to grab the logs, but a main trail is designated for the majority of the hauling.  In most conditions a little soil disturbance happens, but it is short lived. Often when trees are in seed, it can actually help plant acorns and nuts, similar to tilling a garden.  The main trail is typically an already established trail or can become an access trail for future recreational use.